Fabrice Nahimana Mu mezi abiri ku munsi u Rwanda na RDC bizaba bisinya amasezerano y’amahoro, byombi bizanasinyana na Amerika andi y’ubukungu. Ni amasezerano Amerika ivuga ko azakurikirwa n’ishoramari “rya miliyari nyinshi z’amadolari” rikozwe n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi byayo n’iby’ibihugu by’inshuti.
- Iyubakwa ry’urugomero rwa Ruzizi III
- Gutunganyiriza amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda
- Umuhanda wa Gari ya Moshi mu mushinga wa Lobito Corridor
- U Rwanda mu bucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga
Urugendo ruganisha kuri aya masezerano, rukubiyemo ibintu byinshi bigomba kubanza gukorwa mbere y’uko ashyirwaho umukono. Muri byo, harimo ko RDC igomba kubanza gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano bibangamiye u Rwanda, by’umwihariko ikibazo cya FDLR.
Amerika kandi yasabye ko u Rwanda guhagarika ubufasha ivuga ko ruha M23, nubwo rwakomeje kubihakana inshuro nyinshi. Ku rundi ruhande, RDC isabwa gukora amavugurura y’imbere mu gihugu agena uburyo umutungo usaranganywa kugera ku turere. Ibi binajyana kandi no gukora amavugurura mu miyoborere ajyanye no kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage.
Kuyashyiraho umukono nibirangira, Amerika nayo izasinyana n’ibihugu byombi ajyanye n’ubukungu. Kuva Trump yajya ku butegetsi, ibikorwa bijyanye n’ubucuruzi ni byo yashyize imbere ya byose.
Umujyanama we wihariye mu bibazo bya Afurika, Massad Boulos, ni umuntu usanzwe uzobereye iby’ubucuruzi.
Amerika ivuga ko mu masezerano izasinyana n’ibihugu byombi, ni ukuvuga u Rwanda na RDC, ayo izagirana na Congo ari yo manini cyane ko ari igihugu gifite umutungo kamere mwinshi gusa ntirenza ingohe u Rwanda.
Ivuga ko u Rwanda rufite narwo umutungo kamere mwinshi, rukagira n’akarusho kuko rufite ubushobozi mu bucukuzi no mu gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro, rukaba rufite n’uburyo buhamye bwo kuyageza ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Boulos ati “U Rwanda narwo rufite umutungo kamere n’ubushobozi hamwe n’amahirwe yihariye mu bijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro, hamwe no mu bijyanye n’ubucukuzi, bitari ibyo gusa ahubwo no mu bijyanye no kuyatunganya no kuyacuruza.”
Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi agena ko sosiyete zo muri Amerika zizashora imari muri RDC ndetse n’izindi zo mu bihugu by’inshuti za Amerika nazo ziri gushishikarizwa kubikora. Amerika ivuga ko hari sosiyete ziri mu biganiro byo kuba zashora nibura miliyari 1,5$ muri RDC.
Uruhande rwa Amerika muri aya masezerano y’ubucuruzi hagati yayo n’u Rwanda na RDC, ruzajya rurebererwa n’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cya Amerika gishinzwe iterambere n’imikoranire mu rwego rw’imari, DFC.
Urugomero rwa Ruzizi rwagarutsweho mu biganiro
Mu biganiro biganisha kuri aya masezerano, mu ngingo zaganiriweho, harimo n’izijyanye n’ibikorwaremezo hagati y’impande zombi. Amerika ivuga ko umutungo kamere wo muri RDC, ukeneye ibikorwaremezo kugira ngo ubyazwe umusaruro.
Muri iyo ngeri, hari imishinga ivugwa, iyo irimo umuhanda wa Gari ya moshi muri gahunda yiswe Lobito Coridor. Uwo muhanda ureshya na kilometero 1.300 uhuza Angola, RDC na Zambia. Ni imwe mu nzira izajya yifashishwa mu kugeza ku isoko mpuzamahanga amabuye y’agaciro yo muri aka karere.
Amerika yemeye gutera inkunga iyubakwa ry’uwo muhanga, aho byitezwe ko uzuzura utwaye miliyoni 560$.
Hari kandi ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi. Umushinga uhanzwe amaso ni urugomero rwa Ruzizi III. Uru rugomero rwitezweho gutanga 147 MW. Ni umushinga mugari watewe inkunga na Banki y’Isi, Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi na Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere, AfDB.
Ishoramari ryose muri uyu mushinga ringana na miliyoni 450$. Watangiye mu 2016 byitezwe ko uzarangira mu 2024, ariko uza kugenda udindira. Ubu imirimo byitezwe ko izarangira mu 2030.
Uyu mushinga uhuriweho n’ibihugu bitatu, u Rwanda, RDC n’u Burundi. Mu gihe uzaba wuzuye, bizasaranganywa amashanyarazi, u Rwanda ruhabwe 47MW hanyuma izisigaye zisaranganywe ibindi bihugu, RDC n’u Burundi.
Boulos ati “Hari ibikorwaremezo bindi byitezwe bijyanye n’amashanyarazi. Urugomero rwa Ruzizi III ni ingenzi cyane. Hari n’izindi ngomero zizatanga amashanyarazi, habeho imiyoboro ihuza impande zombi.”
“Hari sosiyete ziri gukora ku by’imiyoboro no gusaranganya amashanyarazi. Hari akazi kenshi rero kari muri uru rwego rw’ingufu.”
Amabuye y’agaciro yo muri RDC ashobora gutunganyirizwa mu Rwanda
U Rwanda rufite inganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro guhera ku rwa Zahabu, Tantalum, Tin na Coltan. Izo nganda ni Gasabo Gold Refinery, (rutunganya zahabu), Power X Refinery (rutunganya Tantalum) na LuNa Smelter (rutunganya Tin).
Iyo amabuye y’agaciro yoherejwe ku isoko mpuzamahanga adatunganyijwe, igihugu cyayohereje gicibwa amande y’uko cyohereje adatunganyije, byanarangira, niba ari coltan yoherejwe, mu ruganda ruyitunganya hari andi mabuye avamo.
Gusa icyo gihe igihugu cyayohereje ntikibarirwa agaciro k’andi mabuye, ahubwo kibarirwa gusa iby’icyo byoherejwe.
Kugira ngo byumvikane neza, dufate urugero rwa Coltan. Iyo itunganyijwe mu ruganda ivamo Tantalum, ariko ibyitwa umwanda wayo, ni phosphate ikoreshwa mu gukora ifumbire mvaruganda.
Havamo kandi Niobium ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma cyangwa se no mu bindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka “Capacitors” z’imodoka. Ibyo bivuze ko umuntu wohereza mu mahanga amabuye adatunganyije abihomberamo cyane.
Nka Zahabu, iyo itunganyirijwe mu Rwanda, isohoka mu ruganda ari umwimerere ku kigero cya 99%, hanyuma umwanda wayo ni wo uvamo umuringa (Silver), ibuye ricuruzwa rigakorwamo imitako.
Kuba u Rwanda rufite inganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro, rwunguka kabiri. Icya mbere ni uko iyo rucuruje ku isoko mpuzamahanga, rudacibwa amande y’ibyitwa umwanda, kandi rubasha kubyaza umusaruro bya bindi bisigaye.
Muri aya masezerano y’ubucuruzi azasinywa hagati y’u Rwanda na Amerika, iki gihugu kivuga ko ruzungukira mu bijyanye no “kongerera agaciro amabuye”.
Bivuze ko amabuye y’agaciro azajya avanwa muri RDC ashobora kuzajya agezwa mu Rwanda agatunganya, akaba ari narwo ruyohereza ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Amerika ivuga ko u Rwanda ruri gushyiraho ibyanya byahariwe inganda, ku buryo hashobora kubakwa izindi nganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro.
