Fabrice Nahimana Benshi mu Banye-Congo bibaza amaherezo y’imvururu zimaze imyaka 30 mu Burasirazuba bw’igihugu cyabo, abaturanyi babo natwe tukibaza igihe impunzi tumaze imyaka irenga 25 ducumbikiye zizatahira. Si ukurambirwa abaturanyi ahubwo ni uko ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo butagaragaza ubushake bwatuma bataha.
Hakurya y’amazi magari, hari abatifuza kubona agahenge muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), kimwe na benshi mu bayobozi bayo.
Ni nde uzahagarika ubwicanyi, ubuhunzi, n’ubusahuzi bimaze imyaka myinshi byibasira y’Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi?
Nubwo imvururu mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC zigira ingaruka ku Banye-Congo muri rusange, abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bahora bibasiwe kuva umunsi ingabo za Habyarimana n’Interahamwe zitsindwa n’iza RPA, zigahungira mu yari Zaire yayoborwaga na Perezida Mobutu wari inshuti magara ya Habyarimana.
Zahageze zishinga imitwe y’iterabwoba yagiye ihinduranya amazina kuva kuri ALiR, RDR, kugeza kuri FDLR y’uyu munsi, na yo yashibutseho CNRD-FLN.
Intego yazo yakomeje kuba kumaraho Abatutsi mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, no guhirika Guverinoma y’u Rwanda.
Iyo ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside Interahamwe n’abajenosideri bageranye muri RDC barayikwirakwije bayinjiza mu yandi moko y’Abanye-Congo atari Abatutsi, mu bayobozi ba Leta n’igisirikare, ndetse n’abana babyarirayo.
Kuva mu 1994 kugeza uyu munsi, uwitwa Umututsi wese mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC nta gahenge yigeze agira.
Hari ayandi moko y’Abanye-Congo yafatanyije na FDLR kwibasira Abatutsi, guverinoma zitandukanye zirenza ingohe ubwo bwicanyi abahanga babona ko bumaze kugera ku rwego rwa Jenoside.
Mu bihe bitandukanye bagerageje kwirwanaho ngo badashiraho kuko abatishwe bamaze imyaka myinshi mu buhunzi. Ukwirwanaho kwabo kwafashwe ukundi, imitwe yitwaje intwaro bashinze ikitwa “iy’iterabwoba”.
Ni na ko barushagaho kubita abanyamahanga bashinjwa “guharanira inyungu z’u Rwanda,” ibintu rwahakanye kenshi ruvuga ko ibibazo bya RDC bigomba gukemurwa n’Abanye-Congo ubwabo.
Inshuro nyinshi ingabo za RDC zivanze n’indi mitwe itandukanye hagamijwe kugirira nabi abaturage b’iki gihugu
Laurent-Désiré Kabila wayoboye RDC nyuma y’ihirikwa rya Mobutu, kuva mu 1997 kugeza mu 2001, yari azi neza ikibazo Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi bafite ariko ageze ku butegetsi aracyirengagiza. Yarinze apfa nta murongo agihaye.
Umuhungu we Joseph Kabila, yamaze imyaka 19 ku butegetsi azi neza akarengane Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi bagirirwa. Ku butegetsi bwe bashinze imitwe yo kwirwanaho irimo CNDP (2006-2009) na M23 (2012-2013) yamamaye cyane, mu kurushaho kumvikanisha impamvu yabo.
Mu bihe bitandukanye, Kabila yabasezeranyije kugira icyo abikoraho na bo bagatekana kandi bagahabwa uburenganzira bwabo nk’abandi Banye-Congo, ariko isezerano rye rihera mu mpapuro.
Ubutegetsi bwa Felix Tshisekedi bwaje ari simusiga, butuma ibintu birushaho kujya irudubi. Kugarura umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC ni yo turufu yakoresheje yiyamamaza mu 2018.
Nubwo yari yatsinzwe amatora, kugirwa umukuru w’igihugu kwe byari byitezweho kubonera umuti imvururu zo mu Burasirazuba yari azi neza.
Mu minsi ye ya mbere nka Perezida, Tshisekedi na we yatangaga icyizere, yerekana ko yumva ikibazo kandi ashaka kugira icyo agikoraho. Hari n’ibikorwa bya gisirikare ingabo za RDC, FARDC, zakoze byo kurwanya FDLR mu 2019.
Budakeye kabiri, byagaragaye ko ibyo bikorwa byari urwiyererutso, kuko FDLR yari yaramaze kubaka umubano ukomeye n’abayobozi ba FARDC, ari na bo bayiha ibikoresho ku buryo byari bigoye kubabwira ngo barase ku nshuti zabo.
Birashoboka ko abo bayobozi muri FARDC ari bo bumvishije Tshisekedi ko FDLR kuyirwanya “bidakwiye”, kuko yari yarabafashije kurwana na CNDP mu 2006-2009, ndetse na M23 mu 2012-2013.
Tshisekedi yaretse FDLR ikomeza kumenesha Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi, ndetse yemerera FARDC gukomeza guha intwaro uwo mutwe w’iterabwoba.
M23 yari yaravuye muri Uganda mu 2017 ikaba iri muri Sabyinyo itegereje ko amasezerano yagiranye na Kabila yashyirwa mu bikorwa na Tshisekedi wari umusimbuye, yabonye ko inzoga ari yayindi hahindutse icupa gusa, yongera gufata imbunda mu mpera za 2021.
Nubwo bafashe imbunda, kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu baracyasaba ko himakazwa inzira y’amahoro ikibazo cyabo kigakemurwa.
M23 igaragaza ko ikirajwe ishinga n’inzira y’amahoro ikibazo cy’Abanye-Congo bicwa n’abayobozi babo kigakemurwa
Aho kugira ngo Tshisekedi yicarane na bo kumeza yumve impamvu yabo harebwe uko ibibazo bafite byakemurwa, yihutiye gutabaza ko “yatewe n’u Rwanda”, ahera ko akoranya ya mitwe yose ifite ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside ngo ifatanye na FARDC na FDLR guhangana na M23.
Ubwo ni na ko ubwicanyi bwibasira Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi bwafashe indi ntera bitwa ibyitso bya M23, abanzi b’igihugu, cyangwa abanyamahanga baje kuba intasi.
Uko ubutegetsi bwa Tshisekedi burushaho kumenesha Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi, byarushagaho kongerera M23 imbaraga zo kurwana kuko yabonaga ko nta yandi mahitamo ahari, usibye kurwana cyangwa imiryango yabo ikarimburwa burundu.
Uko ni ko M23 yirukanye ihuriro ry’ingabo za Tshisekedi mu bice bitandukanye bya Kivu ya Ruguru n’iy’Epfo, kugeza ifashe imijyi ya Goma na Bukavu igenzura uyu munsi.
Abacancuro b’Abanyaburayi, ingabo z’ibihugu bya SADC, iza MONUSCO, n’iz’u Burundi zari zagiye gufasha Tshisekedi, abasirikare 60.000 bazo bananiwe gusubiza inyuma M23 ifite abarwanyi babarirwa mu 10.000.
Igitangaje, ni uko bamwe muri abo basirikare b’abanyamahanga barwanira Tshisekedi bahembwa arenga $5.000 buri kwezi, mu gihe abarwanyi ba M23 badahembwa.
Umusaza wasezerewe mu gisirikare duheruka kuganira kuri iyi ngingo ni we wambwiye ko ku rugamba, amafaranga ntacyo aba avuze cyane nk’impamvu umusirikare arwana.
Mu ntambara iri mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, M23 ni yo yonyine ifite impamvu yo kurwana. Ni yo mpamvu kuyitsinda bigoye ku b’i Kinshasa.
Ku Banye-Congo bari mu bice bigenzurwa na M23, bavuga ko nta kindi gihe bigeze bumva batekanye nk’ubu. Imitwe yitwaje intwaro, FARDC, na FDLR, bahoraga babanyaga bakanabasahura imitungo yabo, babasoresha by’ikirenga, uwo baketse ko ari Umututsi bakamwica.
Muri Santere ya Walikale, M23 yarahafashe ariko nyuma y’iminsi mike isubira inyuma iraharekura. Aba-Wazalendo bahagarutse, icya mbere bakoze kwabaye gusahura iduka rya telefoni rihari no kwica nyiraryo.
Tariki ya 19 Werurwe 2025 M23 yafashe Umujyi wa Walikale n’Ikibuga cy’Indege gito cya Kigoma, ariko nyuma iva muri ibyo bice nk’uburyo bwo kugaragaza ko irajwe ishinga n’inzira y’amahoro
Byatumye abahatuye batabaza, bafata M23 nk’aho yabatereranye nubwo yo ivuga ko yabikoze mu kubahiriza ibyasabwe hagamijwe gucira inzira ibiganiro by’amahoro.
Ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba byagagaje kenshi ko bitumva impamvu ya M23, bigamije gusa gushimisha Tshisekedi kugira ngo abihe uburenganzira ku birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro RDC ikungahayeho.
Kuri byo, gushiraho kw’Abatutsi muri RDC ntacyo bivuze, icy’ingenzi ni uko bibasha kubona amabuye bikeneye mu ntambara birimo y’ubukungu.
Ni yo mpamvu aho kotsa igitutu Tshisekedi ngo yicare ku meza y’ibiganiro na M23 yumve ubusabe bwayo bwo gucyura impunzi zimaze imyaka myinshi mu mahanga, anahagarike ubufasha aha FDLR, ibyo bihugu byahisemo gutuza izo mpunzi ziri mu Rwanda, Uganda n’u Burundi.
Kwakira no gutuza impunzi aho kuzifasha gusubira iwabo, ni ikimenyetso simusiga cy’uko ibyo bihugu bitifuza kubona Uburasirazuba bwa RDC butekanye.
Gutekana kwaho byatuma ibihakorerwa byose binyura mu mucyo, kandi sosiyete z’ibyo bihugu zihacukura amabuye mu buryo butemewe, zibifashijwemo n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ihakorera.
Muri Walikale hahoze ibirindiro bikomeye bya FDLR, kuhafata kwa M23 byatumye Sosiyete ya Alphamin y’Abanyamerika n’Abanye-Canada isubika ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’Agaciro yahakoreraga, nubwo yongeye gufungura imirimo nyuma y’uko M23 ivuyeyo, kuko uyu mutwe ugaragaza ko udaharanira kwigarurira ibice runaka ahubwo ishaka amahoro.
Nk’uko Tshisekedi yagize umutekano muke muri RDC iturufu yo kwiyamamariza manda ya kabiri no gushaka guhindura itegeko nshinga, kuba imvurururu zakomeza abifata nk’amahirwe yo kuguma ku butegetsi yitwaje ko igihugu kiri mu mage, agakomeza kunyereza amafaranga ya Leta abeshya ko yakoreshejwe mu ntambara.
Abenshi mu banyapolitiki i Kinshasa n’abayobozi bakuru muri FARDC na bo bari mu mutaka umwe na Tshisekedi, uko intambara ikomeza ni ko ibifu byabo byaguka.
Ibihugu byitwa ko bikomeye na byo nta mpuhwe na nkeya bifitiye abakomeje kwicwa bunyamaswa muri RDC.
M23 ni yo yonyine irajwe ishinga no gukemura ibibazo byugarije Abanye-Congo birimo akarengane, ruswa yabaye akarande, n’imiyoborere mibi. Izindi mpande zose zifite inyungu zazo bwite zitayeho.
Kuri iyi nshuro, M23 irasabwa kwitondera cyane ibiganiro Tshisekedi yatangiye kugaragaza ko ashobora kwemera. None yaba agiye kubigenza nk’uko abamubanjirije babigenje, amasezerano akaba amasigaracyicaro, Abanye-Congo bari batangiye gusinzira bugacya bazaba aba nde? Ntigakore ikosa bwa kabiri.
