Fabrice Nahimana Hirya no hino ku mugabane wa Afurika, aho usanga umutekano muke ukomeje kugaragara mu turere twugarijwe n’intambara hagati y’abenegihugu, inyeshyamba, n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku mutungo kamere, Umuryango w’Abibumbye wahuye n’igitutu gikabije cyo gucyura cyangwa kugabanya ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro mu gihe Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) zigerageza kuziba icyuho cy’umutekano wabaye ndanze muri Afurika.
Ubutumwa bwigeze kohereza ingabo ibihumbi mirongo kubungabunga amahoro ahantu hugarijwe nka Mali, Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, na Sudani bwagiye buhura n’ikibazo cyo kutabasha gukumira ihohoterwa, akenshi bitewe na manda idatanga ububasha buhagije, amafaranga make, ndetse n’ubushake buke bwa politiki buturuka mu bihugu bitanga umusanzu.
Urugero, muri Mali, guverinoma yasabye ko Ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri MINUSMA zava mu gihugu mu 2023, kubera ko zananiwe gukumira iterabwoba ry’abajihadiste ndetse n’ibirego byo kwihora mu bikorwa by’ubukungu kw’ingabo z’amahanga. Umujinya nk’uyu wagaragaye no mu tundi turere, aho ingabo zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro zagiye zishinjwa kutiga amayeri y’intambara agenda ahinduka, nko gukoresha ibisasu biturika bitunguranye ndetse no kugaba ibitero simusiga nk’ibikoreshwa n’abahungabanya umutekano rimwe na rimwe. Iki kibazo cyasize icyuho mu gutanga umutekano, bituma ibihugu bya Afurika bishakisha ubundi buryo. Ibyo byuho ni byo Ingabo z’u Rwanda, igisirikare kugeza ubu Isi yose imaze kwemera ko gishoboye, mu bijyanye n’umuvuduko mu gutabara n’amayeri y’intambara, kirimo kugerageza kuziba.
Repubulika ya Centrafrica ni urugero rwiza rw’imikoranire n’u Rwanda. Kuva mu 2020, Ingabo z’u Rwanda zagize uruhare runini muri iki gihugu kidakora ku nyanja cyari kirembejwe n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba n’imvururu za politiki. Mu masezerano y’ibihugu byombi, Igisirikare cy’u Rwanda cyohereje ingabo zo kurinda abayobozi bakuru ba guverinoma ibitero by’inyeshyamba, ndetse kinatoza abasirikare bashya ba Centrafrica binyuze muri gahunda z’amahugurwa zigamije kongerera ubushobozi abasirikare b’iki gihugu.
Ingabo z’amahoro zirenga 2000 z’Abanyarwanda zigira kandi uruhare mu butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri Repubulika ya Centrafrica, buzwi ku izina rya MINUSCA, aho bakorera amarondo kandi bagashyigikira ibikorwa byo kugarura umutekano. Brig. Gen. Ronald Rwivanga, Umuvugizi wa RDF, yavuze ko ibintu ubu bimeze neza muri iki gihugu, avuga ko ari umusaruro w’ibikorwa bya gisirikare byagenze neza byasubije inyuma inyeshyamba. Ubu Ingabo z’u Rwanda zicunga umutekano wa Perezida Faustin-Archange Touadéra, umurwa mukuru wa Bangui, n’ahantu h’ingenzi hafi yawo, harimo n’aho perezida atuye i Damara. Uyu mutekano watumye guverinoma yibanda ku miyoborere aho guhora yirwanaho, aho imitwe ya RDF yo yibanze ku guhashya iterabwoba rishobora guhungabanya ubuyobozi bukijegajega.
Amakuru agezweho yo mu 2025 yerekana gushima ibi bikorwa, harimo guha imidari ya erezida imitwe y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Nyakanga ku bw’umurimo bakoze, n’uruzinduko rw’abayobozi b’ingabo za Centrafrica i Kigali mu rwego rwo kurushaho kunoza ubufatanye. Izi mbaraga ntizahosheje gusa akaga ako kanya ahubwo zanateje imbere ivugurura rya gisirikare rirambye, rihindura ingabo z’igihugu cyakiriye iz’u Rwanda binyuze mu buhanga busangiwe mu mayeri y’intambara na disipulini.
Mu majyepfo ya Afurika, mu ntara ya Cabo Delgado ya Mozambike, u Rwanda rwerekanye ubushobozi bwarwo bwo gukomeza ibikorwa aho abandi bananiwe. Abashinzwe umutekano b’u Rwanda boherejwe mu 2021 ku butumire bwa guverinoma ya Mozambike, ku ikubitiro ari 1.000 ariko bamaze kugera ku bantu 5.000, bakwirakwiye mu turere dutanu. Ubu bwiyongere bwaje nyuma y’uko ingabo SADC yari yohereje mu butumwa bwa (SAMIM) zibuvuyemo zigasiga Ingabo z’u Rwanda ari zo zihangana n’Inyeshyamba zifitanye isano na Leta ya Kisilamu.
Izi nyeshyamba zikomeje kugaba ibitero rimwe na rimwe, ariko muri rusange ibintu bihagaze neza, nyuma y’uko ibikorwa bya RDF bihatiye izi nyeshyamba kujya gukorera ahantu hitaruye, mu mashyamba aho bagerageza kongera gushaka ibikoresho n’ibyo kurya no kwisuganya. Mu gufunga inzira y’Inyanja y’u Buhinde, yari umuyoboro w’ingenzi wo guhuza ibikorwa by’amashami ya ISIS muri Afurika, Ingabo z’u Rwanda zahagaritse inzira za magendu n’umurongo w’itumanaho.
Uturere two ku nkombe ubu twakozwemo umukwabu, duhakana kongera kwemerera inyeshyamba kubona ibiryo byoroshye ndetse n’inkunga zituruka hanze. Brig. Gen Rwivanga yashimangiye uburyo ayo mayeri yaciye intege umwanzi, bituma amashyamba yajyaga yifashisha mu gutega ibico aba umutego kuri abo barwanyi ubwabo. Ariko rero, ingorane ziracyariho; muri Kamena 2025, abasirikare bane b’u Rwanda basize ubuzima mu gico, ikigaragaza ko ikibazo kitarakemuka burundu.
Ikibazo cy’amafaranga nacyo cyagaragaye, aho amakuru avuga ko gutinda kwishyura kwa Maputo bitera impungenge ku masosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli nka TotalEnergies na ExxonMobil, yishingikirije umutekano mu mishinga yayo ya gazi isanzwe muri ako karere. N’ubwo hari inzitizi nk’izo nk’uko urubuga military.africa dukesha iyi nkuru rukomeza ruvuga, Ingabo z’u Rwanda zafashije gutahuka abaturage barenga 250.000 bari baravanywe mu byabo, kongera gufungura ibyambu byo ku nyanja no mu kirere, kandi zikorana ibikorwa by’abaturage, nko gusukura amashuri hamwe n’abapolisi baho, kugira ngo bubake kwizerana kandi bihuze umutekano n’iterambere.
Ibikorwa by’u Rwanda bigera no mu bufatanye n’ibihugu byinshi, nko muri Sudani y’Amajyepfo, aho rufite ingabo zigera ku 1.650 zikorera mu butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bwa UNMISS. Izi ngabo zifite inshingano zitandukanye, zirimo gukora amarondo asanzwe y’umutekano mu gukumira ihohoterwa, kurinda abasivili n’abavanwe mu byabo, no gutanga ubufasha bw’ubutabazi binyuze mu nkunga y’ibikoresho. Ibikorwa byabo bya bakorana n’abasivili birushaho kongera ingaruka, byiyongeraho kuvura abaturage bavanwe mu byabo ku buntu, nk’aho muri Kamena 2025 abantu 600 bahawe ubuvuzi banagirwa inama n’amahugurwa y’uburezi ateza imbere abaturage.
Imishinga remezo, nko gusana imihanda n’ibiraro, ifasha guhuza uturere twitaruye, guteza imbere ubukungu mu gihugu kigifite ibibazo by’intambara y’abaturage. Abasirikare bo mu Rwanda babonye imidari ya serivisi y’umuryango w’abibumbye kubera ubwitange bwabo, mu mwaka wa 2025 bakaba barabonye umwuga wabo n’umusanzu mu gutuza. Nk’abapolisi n’abasirikare benshi bagize uruhare mu bikorwa by’umuryango w’abibumbye muri rusange – ku mwanya wa gatatu ku isi – u Rwanda ruzana inzira ya disipulini ishimangira imikorere y’ubutumwa, kabone nubwo ingufu za Loni zagutse zubahiriza inshingano rimwe na rimwe zishyira imbere kurinda umutekano.
Igitandukanya u Rwanda ku mugabane wa Afurika aho ibikorwa byinshi by’ingabo biba binyuze mu ihuriro nk’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe cyangwa imiryango w’akarere ni uko ingabo zarwo zihora ziteguye haba ku giti cyazo cyangwa hagati yazo n’ikindi gihugu binyuze mu masezerano bifitanye.Ubu buryo ngo bukuraho inzira yo gufata ibyemezo biguru ntege bigabanya ingufu z’ingabo z’amahanga menshi, bugafasha gukemura byihuse ibibazo mbere y’uko bikomera. Federico Donelli, umwarimu wungirije mu bijyanye n’imibanire mpuzamahanga muri Kaminuza ya Trieste mu Butaliyani, yavuze ko gahunda nk’izo zoroshye kugenzura kuruta ibikorwa biri mu nzego mpuzamahanga, aho gahunda zivuguruzanya zishobora kugabanya imikorere.
Ibi bimaze kugerwaho byazamuye Ingabo z’u Rwanda mu rw’ikigo gikomeye. Hamwe n’abasirikare bagera ku 35.000, RDF ishyira imbere imbaraga, disipulini, hamwe n’ubuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga, ikoresha ibikoresho bigezweho nka drone n’ubuhanga mu bitero by’ikoranabuhanga mu nyigisho zayo.
Nkuko Donelli abibona, Kigali afite intego yo kuba igisubizo cyizewe ku mutekano, igakoresha ubu buryo mu kugirana umubano w’ubukungu n’ibindi bihugu, nk’amasezerano y’umutungo kamere cyangwa ubufatanye mu bikorwa remezo, mu gihe yongera ijambo mu mahuriro akomeye nk’ay’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe.
Urugero rw’u Rwanda ngo rutanga ubundi buryo bukomeye, bushyira imbere umuvuduko, ubwigenge, kandi bushobora gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano bihoraho muri Afurika.
