Fabrice Nahimana Kugeza mu Ugushyingo 2025, hari ibiganiro byongeye kuzamuka ku bijyanye n’uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) zishobora kugaba ibitero by’indege muri Nijeriya. Ibyo biganiro byatumye abantu bongera kwibaza ku ruhare rwa Amerika mu bikorwa byayo bya gisirikare muri Afurika.
Hashize imyaka myinshi Ubuyobozi bwa Gisirikare bwa Amerika muri Afurika (AFRICOM) bukora ibitero by’indege ku mugabane w’Afurika, ahanini bigamije kurwanya imitwe y’iterabwoba. Ariko ibyo bikorwa bikunze gutera impaka ku bijyanye n’ubusugire bw’ibihugu, umutekano w’abasivile, n’ingaruka z’igihe kirekire.
Dore ibihugu bitanu byo muri Afurika byagabweho ibitero by’indege na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, n’impamvu zabyo:
1. Sudani
Mu kwezi kwa Kanama 1998, Amerika yagabye ibitero by’indege ku ruganda Al-Shifa Pharmaceutical Factory ruherereye i Khartoum North muri Sudani, mu bikorwa byiswe Operation Infinite Reach.
Washington yavugaga ko urwo ruganda rufitanye isano na Osama bin Laden no gukora intwaro za kirimbuzi.
Nyuma yaho, raporo zagaragaje ko urwo ruganda rukoraga imiti y’ibanze, kandi kurusenya byateje ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima muri Sudani. Ubi ni bimwe mu bikorwa byateje impaka cyane muri Afurika.
2. Libiya
Hagati ya Kanama na Ukuboza 2016, Amerika yagabye ibitero byinshi by’indege mu mujyi wa Sirte kugira ngo ifashe Goverinoma yemewe na Loni (UN-backed GNA) gutsinda umutwe wa Islamic State (IS).
Ibitero byinshi byakozwe mu buryo bw’ukuri, bisiga abasirikare benshi b’iyo mitwe bishwe. Nubwo byafashije mu kurwanya IS, Libiya iracyahanganye n’ibibazo bya politiki n’umutekano.
3. Somaliya
Ni igihugu cya Afurika cyibasiwe cyane n’ibitero by’indege bya Amerika. AFRICOM yakunze kugaba ibitero byinshi ku mitwe ya al-Shabaab na Islamic State (IS), ikabikorana n’ingabo za Somaliya.
Bavuga ko ibyo bitero byishe abayobozi b’ingenzi b’imitwe y’iterabwoba, ariko byanavuzweho impungenge ku buryo byica n’abasivile ndetse bigasiga igihugu kidafite imiyoborere ikomeye.
4. Misiri (Egypt)
Mu butayu bwa Sinai Peninsula, Amerika yagiye ifasha Misiri mu bikorwa byo kurwanya umutwe wa ISIS-Sinai Province. Nubwo ibitero by’indege bya Amerika bidakunze gutangazwa cyangwa ngo bibe byinshi, ubufasha mu buryo bwa tekiniki n’ubutasi bwafashije Misiri gukomeza ibikorwa byo kurwanya iterabwoba. Ibi bigaragaza uburyo Amerika ikorana n’ibihugu aho kubyinjiramo mu buryo butaziguye.
5. Jibuti (Djibouti)
Igihugu cya Jibuti ni icyicaro gikomeye cy’ibikorwa bya gisirikare bya Amerika muri Afurika. Camp Lemonnier, hafi y’umujyi wa Jibuti, ni ikigo gikorerwamo ibikorwa byo gutangiza ibitero n’ubutasi bifasha ibikorwa muri Somaliya na Yemeni. Nubwo Jibuti ubwayo itagabweho ibitero, ifatwa nk’igicumbi gikomeye cya politiki ya Amerika ku mugabane.
Nijeriya (Ishobora kugabwaho igitero)
Nta gitero cya Amerika kiragabwa muri Nijeriya kugeza ubu, ariko hari ibiganiro byinshi bivuga ko bishobora kubaho. Amerika imaze gufasha Nijeriya mu kurwanya Boko Haram na ISIS–West Africa Province (ISWAP) binyuze mu gutanga indege n’ubutasi. Nibiba ngombwa, ibitero by’indege by’Amerika bishobora kuba bigamije gufasha inzego z’umutekano za Nijeriya mu kurwanya iterabwoba.
Ibitero bya Amerika muri Afurika bifite ibyiza n’ibibi. Byagiye bituma imitwe y’iterabwoba igabanuka, ariko binatera impaka ku bijyanye n’ubusugire bw’ibihugu no ku ngaruka bigira ku baturage basanzwe.
Afurika iracyahanganye n’ibibazo by’umutekano, bityo uburyo buhuje igisirikare, imiyoborere myiza, ubukungu, n’ubufatanye bw’abaturage bushobora kuba ari bwo buryo burambye bwo kugera ku mahoro arambye.
