Ignace DUKUZIMANA 
Ku myaka 14 y’amavuko, Hakizimana ubwo yari avuye gukora ikizamini cya Leta cy’amashuri abanza, yahisemo gushyira igikapu cye hasi asezera ishuri ubwo, kubera ko ababyeyi be batabashaga kuba bamufasha kwiga, none kuri ubu yikorera imizigo irimo ibicuruzwa mu isoko kugira ngo abashe kubona amaramuko.
Yagize ati “Nagombaga kujya kwiga hariya ruguru muri Nine i Murunda, ariko se nari kujyayo nta myenda, ndetse nta n’amafaranga yo kurya saa sita? Mama wanjye nawe aba ari gushakisha biri aho kuburyo ashaka ibyo kurya nimugoroba.”
Iyi nkuru y’uyu mwana ntabwo ari we wenyine ibaho, kubera ko mu Rwanda hose cyane cyane mu turere twa Rutsiro na Rubavu hari abana bata ishuri, mu gihe bamwe bibaho kubera ibibazo itandukanye birimo guterwa inda zitateguwe n’ibindi, ariko abenshi bata ishuri kubera izi ngingo twarebyeho: Kubura ubushobozi n’Ibibazo by’imiryango.
Iyi nkuru icukumbuye igiye kugaragaza impamvu abana bata ishuri muri utu turere twa Rubavu na Rutsiro, ndetse n’ibibabaho nyuma y’uko bataye ishuri.
Mu isoko rikorere muri santere ya Gisiza, mu murenge wa Musasa wo mu karere ka Rutsiro, hakunze kugaragara abana bari mu kigero cy’imyaka ibategeka kuba bakiri mu mashuri, ariko abo bana bakaba baba baje gukora akazi ko gutwaza abantu imizigo muri iryo soko. Iri soko rikoreramo abagore bibumbiye muri koperative Wisigara Inyuma, riherereye mu mudugudu wa Gihinga, akagali ka Gisiza mu murenge wa Musasa, aho bacuruza imbuto ziganjemo inanasi, imineke n’izindi.
Bamwe mu bana IMIRASIRE TV yahasanze, bavuze ko bari aho ngaho ku mpamvu zitandukanye, harimo kuba babura ubushobozi bwo kujya ku ishuri, cyangwa se bakaba bibeshejeho nta bantu bagira babareberera bagahitamo kwishakira ubuzima.
Ababyeyi bakorera muri iri soko, bavuga ko nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari n’abana bananira ababyeyi bakanga kujya ku ishuri ahubwo bagahitamo gushaka amafaranga.
Mukandayisenga Rosette, yavuze ati “Nk’ubu hari abana bamwe bahise bagenda, baba barananiye ababyeyi babo kuburyo n’abayobozi bo mu mudugudu baba barabigiyemo ariko abana bakigira indakoreka, rero n’ababyeyi ntimukabarenganye, ubu se wamushyiramo akagozi?” Yavuze ko abana nk’abo iyo bahageze babirukana mu isoko kuko bataba bashaka kubakoresha imirimo mu gihe bagakwiye kuba bari ku ishuri.
Si muri iryo soko gusa, kuko iyo ugeze o mu yandi masoko usanga abana bato bagakwiriye kuba bari mu ishuri. Nko mu isoko rya Mahoko riherereye mu karere ka Rubavu, uhasanga abana baba bategereje abagura mu isoko ngo babatwaze imizigo.
Niyonzima Simon ni umwana uturuka mu karere ka Musanze, afite imyaka 16, yavuze ko amaze iminsi mike ageze Mahoko kuhashakira ubuzima, nyuma y’uko nta babyeyi yari akigira. Tumubajije impamvu atakomeje ishuri yavuze ati “Reka nkubaze ikibazo kandi nawe umbwize ukuri, koko wowe uwakubwira ngo ujye ku ishuri ushonje wabishobora? Njye iyo nje hano ngacyura igihumbi, ibyo biba bibaye naho iby’amashuri uba umbwira si ibyanjye.”
Icyo abo bana bahuriraho na bagenzi babo bo mu Gisiza, ni uko ari ubushobozi no kubura uburyo bwo kujya ku ishuri, abacuruzi bo muri Mahoko bo bakavuga ko aba bana bababangamira cyane kuko bajya banabiba bimwe mu bicuruzwa byabo cyangwa se amafaranga.
HARI UBWO UMURYANGO UJYA UBA IMBOGAMIZI: Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Minisiteri y’Uburezi mu 2022, bwagaragaje ko mu bantu babajijwe barimo; abana, ababyeyi n’abarezi bagaragaje ko ibibazo byagaragajwe birenga 80% bituma abana bata ishuri ahanini bituruka mu miryango.
Emmanuel w’imyaka 17 yavuze ko ababyeyi be bamubwiye ko ikizima ari ugushaka imibereho aho kujya mu ishuri, kuko arebye na bakuru be bize amashuri nta kintu byigeze bibamarira na gitoya.
Yagize ati “Ababyeyi banjye bambwiye ko ndi gutakaza igihe cy’ubusa, bambwira ko ngomba kwiyigira ibijyanye no gushaka amafaranga byaba ngombwa nkazanamenya ibijyanye no gucuruza nibwo nzaba umuntu ukomeye.”
Hari umubyeyi wo mu isoko rya Mahoko wabwiye IMIRASIRE TV ko bitari ngombwa ko dutangaza izina rye, yavuze ko hari ubwo urugo usanga rutari kubera ahantu h’amahoro no gutura mu mahoro abana, ahubwo ugasanga hababera imbogamizi.
Yagize ati “Abana banjye bavuye mu mashuri Atari ubushake, umugabo wanjye yari umunyarugomo kubera ko buri gihe yatahaga yasinze akankubita bigatuma mpora ndwaye, umwana wanjye mukuru Aline agasiba ishuri ari kwita kuri murumuna we wari ufite umwaka n’igice kuko mu burwayi bwanjye ntari nshoboye kubitaho bombi. Urabyumva ko icyo gihe ishuri ritari rikiri ngombwa.”
BIGENDA BITE NYUMA Y’UKO ABANA BAVUYE MU ISHURI? Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko nyuma yok uva mu ishuri, 70% by’abanyeshuri barangira bakora utuzi duciriritse nko kugurisha ibicuruzwa ku muhanda ndetse no gukora ibiraka bitishyura amafaranga menshi.
15% birangira bakoze ubukwe bakanashyingirwa imburagihe, bakanaterwa inda zidateganijwe cyane cyane abakobwa.
Byibura 10% nibo bagerageza gushaka ubundi buryo busa no kwiga aho bajya mu myuga nyungurabumenyi mbere yo gushaka akazi.
Eric, ni umushumba uragira inka mu karere ka Rubavu, yabwiye IMIRASIRE TV ko yicuza impamvu yavuye mu ishuri. Ati “Ubu njya mbona inshuti zanjye zararangije amashuri, mu gihe njyewe nirirwa ndagira inka z’abakire bakanampemba dukeya. Ikibabaje ni uko ubu gusubira ku ishuri bitagishoboka ku myaka mfite.”
Nzabahimana Evariste, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge wa Kanama isoko rya Mahoko riherereyemo, yabwiye IMIRASIRE TV ko buri gihe ubuyobozi bukora ibishoka byose bugakurikirana ngo bumenye ko abana bagomba kuba bari ku ishuri bariyo koko, no mu minsi ishize bakaba hari abo basubije ku ishuri.
Yagize ati “Ubu ngubu nta bana twari tuzi ko batari ku ishuri, kuko abo twari dufite bose basubiye ku ishuri, abo rero nabo tugiye kubakurikirana dushyireho ingamba zo kubakumira kugera mu isoko basubire mu ishuri. Umubyeyi icyo asabwa ni ukwishyura amafaranga atageze no ku 1000 gusa ngo umwana yige, nta mubyeyi wabura ayo mafaranga, nta bushobozi rero bwabuza umwana kujya ku ishuri hanyuma ibibazo byose bigakemukira ku ishuri.” Yasabye abaturage bose kwibuka ko gukoresha abana imirimo ari icyaha.
Visi Meya Ushinzwe Ubukungu n’Iterambere mu karere ka Rutsiro,Uwizeyimana Emmanuel, yavuze ko akarere gafite gahunda yo gukurikirana abana bose bataye ishuri bakaribasubizamo, kuko buri soko ryose ryaremye haba hari Ubuyobozi ndetse n’abashinzwe umutekano kugira ngo n’abana baba baca mu rihumye bagasiba ishuri, babonereho kuboherezayo babanoneye ku isoko.
Ati “Dufite ingamba zihamye kuko twanahaye imibare buri murenge, buri kagali buri kigo cy’ishuri, y’abana bagomba kuba bari ku ishuri n’abadahari bagomba kugaruka ku ishuri, rero icyo dukora ni ugukomeza gushyiramo imbaraga kugira ngo niba koko n’icyo kibazo gihari kibashe kuba cyakemurwa mu maguru mashya.”
Isesengura ry’Abasenateri Ku wa 6 Gashyantare 2023 ryagaragaje ko Rutsiro iri mu turere dutandatu mu Rwanda dufite abana benshi bataye ishuri, hakaza na Nyanza, Musanze, Burera, Gisagara na Gatsibo, mu gihe akarere ka Rubavu kari mu turere dufite imibare mike y’abana bataye ishuri turimo na Ruhango, Kicukiro, Huye na Karongi.
Muri raporo ya 2022 Minisiteri y’Uburezi, (MINEDUC) n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku bana(UNICEF), byagaragaje ko mu 2019 abana b’abahungu bafite nibura imyaka 12, abagera kuri 13.4% bataye ishuri mu gihe abakobwa ari 5.2%.
Mu ibarurishamibare ryo mu 2022 rya ‘National Center for Education Statistics’ ryagaragaje ko hari miliyoni 2.1 z’abana bataye ishuri bari hagati y’imyaka 16 na 24, ariko nanone rigaragaza ko uwo mubare wagabanyutse ukava kuri 7% mu 2012 ukagera kuri 5.3% mu 2022.
Umuyobozi Mukuru muri Ministeri y’Uburezi ushinzwe Politiki y’Uburezi, Rose Baguma, yavuze ko ikibazo cy’abana bata ishuri gikomeye kandi gihangayikishije igihugu muri rusange. Ati “Ubu turi ku 8%, ni abana benshi ugiye mu mibare.’’ Imibare y’abana bata ishuri yari 177.119 mu 2022 ndetse hari gukorwa ubushakashatsi bushya bwo kureba aho igeze kuri ubu.
Guta ishuri ntabwo ari ikibazo gituruka ku kubura amafaranga y’ishuri cyangwa se amanita makeya, ni ikibazo usanga gituruka mu isano yagakwiye kuba iri hagati y’abanyeshuri, imiryango yabo ndetse na sisitemu y’uburezi. Amashuri yagakwiriye kuba agaragara nk’atanga umuhate ku munyeshuri kugira ngo abashe kuyitabira, ababyeyi bakeneye kumenya agaciro k’uburezi ndetse abanyeshuri na bo bakeneye kugira abo bagenderaho babereka ko ubumenyi buva mu ishuri, Atari ubwo gukoresha umuntu arokoka ingorane z’iyi si ahubwo ari inzira iganisha ku ntsinzi.
