Umusonga ubundi ni indwara ivurwa igakira ariko iyo irangaranywe ishobora guhitana umuntu yirwaye byihuse, cyane ko imibare yo mu 2021, yagaragaje ko yahitanye abarenga miliyoni 2.5 hirya no hino ku Isi barimo abana ndetse n’abantu bakuru.

Tariki ya 12 Ukuboza ni umunsi wahariwe kurwanya indwara y’umusonga, indwara iza mu zihitana ubuzima bw’abantu benshi kuko muri 2021 yahitanye miliyoni 2.2 harimo miliyoni 1.11 z’abantu barengeje imyaka 70, abantu bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 50 na 60 bagera ku bihumbi 366, naho abantu bafite hagati y’imyaka 15 kugera 49 hapfuye 160 hamwe n’abana ibihumbi 502 batarageza ku myaka itanu.

Dr Emmanuel Sibomana umuganga ukuriye ishami rirwanya uburwayi bw’ibibembe n’izindi ndwara zandurira mu myanya y’ubuhumekero mu gice gishinzwe kurwanya igituntu mu kigo cy’ubuzima RBC, asobanura ko indwara y’umusonga ari uburwayi bufata imyanya y’ubuhumekero ariko yo hasi kuko hari n’imyanya y’ ubuhumekero yo hejuru.

Akomeza avuga ko imyanya y’ubuhumekero yo hasi ari imyanya iri mu gihaha ahabera guhererekanya umwuka mwiza wa Oxygen uzwi nka O2 n’umwuka wanduye CO2.

Utwo duce two hasi iyo twafashwe na virusi cyangwa ibizwi nka bagiteri bishobora gutera umusonga, imwe mu ndwara ihitana abantu benshi cyane cyane abana batarageza ku myaka itanu hamwe n’abageze mu zabukuru.

Ubusanzwe abantu bose bashobora kurwara umusonga bitewe n’uko utwo dukoko tuwutera dusanzwe mu mwuka abantu bahumeka ariko ugira ingaruka cyane cyane ku bana baba badafite abasirikare bahagije barinda umubiri naho abantu bageze mu zabukuru bo bigaterwa no kugabanuka kw’abasirikare b’umubiri.

Udukoko dutera umusonga dukunze kugenda mu ivumbi n’umuyaga kandi iyo tugeze mu gihaha turoroka tukaba twakwangiza utwumba tujyamo umwuka umuntu ahumeka.

Ni udukoko tworoherwa kororoka mu gihe tugeze mu bihaha bikaba impamvu abantu bagirwa inama yo kugira isuku yo gukaraba no kwirinda kwandura ibicurane.

Bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa mu kwirinda umusonga harimo gukingira abana batoya inkingo nka Pneumocoque mu kubarinda umusonga, konsa abana cyane mu kongera ubwirinzi no kugabura indyo yuzuye ku bana.

Ni mu gihe abantu bakuru basabwa kwirinda gutekera mu nzu, kugira isuku hirindwa gukoranaho, ubwirinzi bwo gupfuka umunwa ku bantu bakuru birinda ko banduzwa ibicurane, kwivuza byihuse ku bantu bafite ibicurane n’indwara zo mu buhumekero bwo hejuru kuko iyo zitavuwe bishobora kwanduza ubuhumekero bwo hasi.

Mu gihe hazaba hizihizwa umunsi wahariwe kurwanya umusonga, insanganyamatsiko ya 2024 igira iti ‘Guhumeka ni ingenzi, twirinde umusonga hakiri kare’.

Imibare yo mu nzego z’ubuzima mu Rwanda igaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2000 no mu yindi myaka yakurikiyeho, impfu z’abana zari hejuru cyane, imwe mu mpamvu yateraga impfu nyinshi harimo umusonga ku bana batarageza ku myaka itanu, malaria n’impiswi.

Kugabanya impfu mu bana hashyizweho kuvura izo ndwara mu buryo bukomatanyije binyuze mu bajyanama b’ubuzima muri 2007 kandi byatanze umusaruro ku buryo bugaragara.

Indwara y’umusonga iza ku isonga mu ndwara ziboneka mu Rwanda kuko muri 2020 yageze ku bantu 543,595 banganaga na 26.3%, naho muri 2021 abantu bayirwaye bari 318,020 banganaga na 11.8% mu gihe 2022 yarwawe n’abantu 372,906 banganaga 16.4%, muri icyo gihe kandi idwara zo mu buhumekero bufatiyeho bwishe abantu 4% mu Rwanda.

Ku Isi umusonga niyo ndwara ihitana abana benshi batarageza ku myaka 5, naho uburyo bwo kuvura umusonga mu Rwanda hafashwe ingamba 2007 mu kuvura indwara zikomatanyije zirimo umuriro, malaria n’umusonga bikozwe n’abajyanama b’ubuzima.

U Rwanda muri 2009 nicyo gihugu cyabaye icya mbere munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara mu gukingira umusonga hakoreshejwe urukingo rwa Pneumocoque.

Rwaje rwiyongera ku zindi nkingo nka hémophiles, Influenza, zifasha kurinda abana umusonga, ubuyobozi bwa RBC bukaba busaba abantu kwivuza byihuse indwara z’ubuhumekero mu kwirinda ko zatera indwara y’umusonga.

Nubwo indwara y’umusonga ibarwa mu ndwara zihitana benshi bigaragara ko igenda igabanya ubukana kubera inkingo kuko 1980 yahitanye abantu miliyoni 3.42 harimo abana barenga miliyoni 2.5.