Fabrice Nahimana Gusezerana mu mategeko (civil marriage) mu Rwanda si umunsi w’urukundo gusa, ahubwo ni amasezerano yemewe n’amategeko hagati y’abantu babiri.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare (NISR), mu mwaka wa 2023 habaye ubukwe 57,880 bwanditswe mu mategeko, mu gihe mu 2024 habaye 52,878, bigaragaza ikigero cyo kugabanuka kwa 9.5%. Ibi byerekana ko n’ubwo gushakana bikomeje gufatwa nk’agaciro gakomeye, abantu bake ari bo bagira umwanzuro wo kuwandikisha byemewe n’amategeko.
Gusezerana mu mategeko mu Rwanda bigengwa n’Itegeko No. 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28 Kanama 2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango. Iri tegeko risobanura neza ko gusezerana mu mategeko ari bwo buryo bwonyine Leta yemerera abantu ko bashyingiranywe. Imihango y’umuco cyangwa iy’idini, n’ubwo ifite agaciro gakomeye mu muco, nta bubasha ifite mu mategeko igihe abakundana batarabanza gusezerana imbere y’ubuyobozi bw’akarere cyangwa umurenge.
Ibyo abashaka gusezerana bagomba kuba bujuje
Mbere y’uko umuhango w’ubukwe ubaho, habanza kuzuuzwa ibisabwa bikurikira: Bombi bagomba kuba bafite nibura imyaka 21 y’amavuko.
Buri wese agomba kuba yemeye kubana ku bushake.
Ntibagomba kuba barashyingiwe mbere mu mategeko.
Itangazo ry’ubukwe rigomba kumenyeshwa ku biro by’umurenge byibura iminsi 15 mbere y’umunsi w’ubukwe.
Umuhango ugomba kubera imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere, ufite abahamya babiri bakuru.
Abashakanye batiteguye neza bashobora gusubizwa inyuma cyangwa umuhango ugahagarikwa igihe ibisabwa byose bitujujwe.
Guhitamo uburyo bwo gutunga umutungo
Mu gihe cyo kwandikisha ubukwe, abashakanye bagomba guhitamo uburyo umutungo uzagengwa (matrimonial property regime). Hari amahitamo atatu:
1. Ubufatanye mu mutungo wose; umutungo wose wabonetse mbere na nyuma y’ubukwe uba ufitwe n’abo bombi.
2. Ubufatanye bugarukira ku mutungo wabonetse mu gihe cy’ubukwe; uwo buri wese yari afite mbere uguma ari uwe bwite.
3. Kudafatanya umutungo; buri wese agumana umutungo we ku giti cye.
Ayo mshitamo ahinduka igice cy’amasezerano y’ubukwe kandi ntibishobora guhindurwa atari icyemezo cy’urukiko. Ni yo mpamvu abenshi bajya kugisha inama abanyamategeko mbere yo guhitamo.
Uburenganzira n’inshingano z’abashakanye
Amategeko y’u Rwanda aha abashakanye uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu rugo. Basabwa: Gufashanya no kubahana, Gutanga umusanzu mu mibereho y’urugo, Kurera no kurinda abana, Gukorana mu gufasha urugo kugira imibereho myiza.
Igihe ubukwe burangiye (gutandukana)
Ubukwe bushobora kurangira kubera urupfu, cyangwa guteshwa agaciro mu mategeko. Igihe habaye gatanya, igabanwa ry’umutungo rigenwa n’uburyo bahisemo mbere yo gushakana, kandi urukiko rugira uruhare mu gukemura ibyo bibazo mu mucyo.
Kuki kumenya amategeko ari ingenzi
Mu muco nyarwanda, ubukwe akenshi bufatwa nk’ibirori cyangwa umuhango w’idini, nyamara ni n’uburyo buhamye bw’amategeko bugena uko umutungo, imitungo n’uburenganzira bw’umuryango bigenda.
Leta y’u Rwanda ibinyujije ku biro by’imirenge itanga ubujyanama n’amahugurwa kugira ngo abashyingirwa basobanukirwe neza n’uburyo bwo gucunga umutungo, bityo birinde amakimbirane yo mu rugo.
